The Nebraska Library Commission was created in 1901 and is part of the executive branch of state government. Per state statute, the Commission is responsible for the statewide promotion, development and coordination of library services. In fulfilling these functions the Commission works with all types of libraries public, school, college and university, special and institutional libraries. Some of the Commissions services are provided directly to the public and to state government personnel.

The Library Commission is governed by a six member board. Commission members are appointed by the Governor for three-year terms. The Commission director is appointed by the six-member Commission. The director is responsible for agency administration and works with Commission staff to carry out programs and services.